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ÀÛ¼ºÀÚÀ̱¤¼ö ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ2018-02-20 13:18:53 Ãßõ2 Á¶È¸3660

For the women who escape to China from North Korea, a terrible fate awaits them
ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼­ Áß±¹À¸·Î Å»ÃâÇÑ ¿©¼ºµé¿¡°Ô´Â, ²ûÂïÇÑ ¿î¸íÀÌ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù.




Some women who cross the border are sold to men in rural areas who cannot find wives. Others are abducted and forced into prostitution
(ºÏÁß) ±¹°æ¼±À» ³ÑÀº ¾î¶² ¿©¼ºµéÀº ½Ã°ñ¿¡¼­ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ³²ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÆÈ·Á°£´Ù. ´Ù¸¥À̵éÀº À¯±«µÇ¾î¼­ ¸ÅÃá¾÷¼Ò¿¡ °­Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÈ·Á°£´Ù.




As North Korea¡¯s nuclear weapons programme and provocative missile tests draw the world¡¯s attention, one crucial reality about the totalitarian regime has been left largely unnoticed: as bleak as life is for most who live in North Korea, it is often far worse for those who flee – most of whom are forced to suffer horrific human rights abuses away from the world¡¯s scrutiny.
ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ¹«±â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥°ú µµ¹ßÀûÀÎ ¹Ì»çÀÏ ½ÃÇè¹ß»ç°¡ ¼¼°èÀÇ ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ²ø¾úÁö¸¸, ÀüüÁÖÀÇ Á¤±Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ, ÇÑ°¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÌ Å©°Ô ÁÖ¸ñ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤ ³²¾ÆÀÖ¾ú´Ù: ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼­ »ç´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀÌ È²ÆóÇÑ ¸¸Å­, (Å»ºÏÇÏ¿©) µµ¸Á³ª¿À´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀº ȲÆóÇÏÁö¸¸, Á¾Á¾ ´õ ³ª»Ü¶§µµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µé Áß ´ëºÎºÐÀº, ¼¼°èÀεéÀÇ °¨½Ã°¡ ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­, ²ûÂïÇÑ À뱂 Çд뿡 °­Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ã´Þ¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù.







Since China shares a border with North Korea, it has become the first destination for desperate North Koreans who risk their lives to escape. An unofficial figure estimates that there are between 50,000 and 200,000 North Koreans living in China. The Chinese government denies most of them refugee status, instead treating them as economic migrants who have illegally crossed the border to seek work. Most have no formal identification or legal status. In addition, Beijing works together with Pyongyang to capture defectors and send them back, making their lives as escapees completely untenable.
Áß±¹Àº ºÏÇÑ°ú Á¢°æÀ» ÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, Å»ÃâÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» °Ç Àý¸ÁÀûÀÎ ºÏÇÑÁֹε鿡°Ô´Â ù¹ø° ¸ñÀûÁöÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ºñ°ø½ÄÀûÀÎ Áý°è·Î´Â 5¸¸¸í¿¡¼­ 20¸¸¸íÀÇ ºÏÇÑÁֹεéÀÌ Áß±¹¿¡¼­ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Áß±¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â ±×µé ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ³­¹Î ½ÅºÐÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ´ë½Å¿¡ ±×µéÀ» ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ã±â À§ÇØ ±¹°æÀ» ³ÑÀº ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÎ °æÁ¦Àû À̹ÎÀڷΠģ´Ù. ±×µéÁß ´ëºÎºÐÀº Á¤½Ä Áֹεî·ÏÁõÀ» °®Áö ¸øÇß°í, ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ÁöÀ§¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹ÞÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ´õ±º´Ù³ª, Å»ºÏÀÚµéÀ» »ç·ÎÀâ¾Æ¼­ º»±¹À¸·Î µÇµ¹·Áº¸³»±â À§ÇØ º£ÀÌ¡ ´ç±¹Àº Æò¾ç°ú Çù·ÂÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áß±¹´ç±¹Àº ±×µéÀÇ µµ¸ÁÀڷμ­ÀÇ »îÀ» ¿ÂÀüÈ÷ À¯ÁöÇϱ⠾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ´Ù.





I have interviewed many North Koreans now settled in the UK. Many of them told me they had been caught by the Chinese police and repatriated to the north a number of times, but managed to escape again and again. The combination of desperation, the denial of legal status and the terror of the Chinese police operation exposes these people to gross exploitation – especially women.
³ª´Â ¿µ±¹¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÑ ¸¹Àº ºÏÇÑÀεé°ú ÀÎÅͺäÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÁß ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¸»Çϱ⸦, ±×µéÀº Áß±¹ °æÂû¿¡°Ô ºÙÀâÇô¼­ ¿©·¯¹ø ºÏÇÑÀ¸·Î °­Á¦ ¼ÛȯµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °¡±î½º·Î Å»ÃâÇÏ°í Å»ÃâÇϱ⸦ ¹Ýº¹Çß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Àý¸ÁÀûÀÎ »î°ú, ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ÁöÀ§¸¦ ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÔ, ±×¸®°í Áß±¹ °æÂûÀÇ È°µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °øÆ÷½É, ÀÌ·± °ÍµéÀÌ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °Å´ëÇÑ ÂøÃë¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇµµ·Ï ³»¸ô°í ÀÖ´Ù. - Ưº°È÷ ¿©¼ºµé¿¡°Ô´Â ´õ ±×·¸´Ù.











Among those who successfully leave North Korea, women make up the majority. In their search for freedom, many of them paradoxically end up being trafficked, detained and treated inhumanely because of their precarious and insecure positions in China as ¡°illegal migrants¡±.
ºÏÇÑÀ» ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î Å»ÃâÇÑ »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡´Â, ¿©¼ºÀÌ ±×µé Áß ´ëºÎºÐÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ã±â À§ÇØ (Å»ÃâÇØ ³ª¿ÔÁö¸¸), ¿ª¼³ÀûÀÌ°Ôµµ ±×µéÁß ¸¹Àº ¼ýÀÚ°¡, Áß±¹³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ ºÒ¹ýÀû À̹ÎÀڷμ­ »çȸÀû À§Ä¡°¡ ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÏ°í ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, °á±¹ ÀνŸŸŠ´çÇϰųª ±¸±ÝµÇ°Å³ª ¸ôÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ ´ë¿ì¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ±Í°áµÇ°í ¸¸´Ù.






Vulnerability exploited
ÂøÃë´çÇÏ´Â Ãë¾à¼º.



Drawn to what they hope is a guarantee of work, some women who cross the border are instead sold to Chinese or Korean-Chinese men in rural areas who cannot find wives due to poverty, undesirable living conditions, disability and the lopsided gender demographics created by the now-replaced one-child policy. Other women are abducted in public spaces, such as streets and trains, and forced into prostitution. As a survival strategy, a few women or family members volunteer themselves to be sold. Some are lucky enough to find decent and kind men, but they are a vanishingly small minority.
ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ º¸Àå¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Å¶ó´Â Èñ¸Á¿¡ ²ø·Á¿ÔÁö¸¸, ±¹°æÀ» ³ÑÀº ¸î¸î ¿©¼ºÀº ´ë½Å¿¡, ½Ã°ñ¿¡ »ç´Â Áß±¹ÀÎ ³²¼ºÀ̳ª Á¶¼±Á· ³²¼º¿¡°Ô ÆÈ·Á°¡°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±× ³²¼ºµéÀº °¡³­, ¿­¾ÇÇÑ »ýÈ° ȯ°æ, ½ÅüÀå¾Ö·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¸ÂÁö ¸øÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÇöÀç ¹Ù²ï ÇÑÀڳమ±â Á¤Ã¥¶§¹®¿¡ (³²³à) ¼ººñ°¡ ÇÑÂÊÀ¸·Î ±â¿îÅ¿À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿©¼ºµéÀº, ±æ°Å¸®³ª ±âÂ÷¾È°ú °°Àº, °ø°øÀå¼Ò¿¡¼­ ³³Ä¡´çÇÏ¿©, »çâ°¡·Î °­Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÈ·Á°£´Ù. »ýÁ¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Àü·«À¸·Î, ¸î¸î ¿©¼º ȤÀº °¡Á· ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÆÇ´Ù. ¸î¸î ¿©¼ºÀº ¿îÀÌ ÁÁ°Ôµµ ¿¹Àǹٸ£°í Ä£ÀýÇÑ ³²¼ºÀ» ãÁö¸¸, ±×·± °æ¿ì´Â °¡¹³¿¡ ÄᳪµíÀÌ ±ØÈ÷ µå¹°´Ù.








Most are locked up so they cannot escape. They are denied contact with their family members or friends, and often a whole village effectively becomes a community of guards to watch them so they cannot run. Many of the women forced into these relationships endure physical hardships, forced to work in the fields and do endless household chores. Some are trafficked to households with several men, where their keepers take turns to violate them on a regular basis.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿©¼ºÀº °¨±ÝµÇ¾î Å»ÃâÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¿©¼ºµéÀº ÀÚ±â³× °¡Á·À̳ª Ä£±¸¿Í ¸¸³ª´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÝÁöµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í Á¾Á¾ ¸¶À» Àüü°¡ ±× ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ µµÁÖÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °¨½ÃÇÏ´Â ¡®°¨½ÃÀÚ °øµ¿Ã¼¡¯°¡ µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ ÀÌ·± °ü°è¿¡ °­Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÆíÀԵǰí, À°Ã¼Àû Çд븦 °¨´çÇØ¾ß µÇ°í, ¹ç¿¡ ³ª°¡¼­ ÀÏÀ» Çϰųª, ³¡ÀÌ ¾Èº¸ÀÌ´Â Áý¾È ÀÏÀ» ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù. ¸î¸î ¿©¼ºÀº ³²ÀÚ¸¸ ¿©·¯¸í ÀÖ´Â °¡Á¤¿¡ ÆÈ·Á°¡±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. °Å±â¼­´Â º¸È£ÀÚ ³²¼ºµéÀÌ Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡¸é¼­ ±× ¿©¼ºÀ» °­°£ÇÑ´Ù.







During their captivity, many of them also become pregnant. If they manage to escape to other countries, such as South Korea, they are forced to leave their children behind – and since these children aren¡¯t officially recognised in China, they are denied basic rights and entitlements, foregoing even basic healthcare and education.
±×µéÀÇ °¨±Ý»ýÈ° µ¿¾È, ¸¹Àº ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ ÀÓ½ÅÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ °¡±î½º·Î À̸¦Å×¸é ³²ÇÑ°ú °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶ó·Î Å»ÃâÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é, ±×µéÀº Áß±¹Àεé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ³²°ÜµÎ°í °¡±â¸¦ °­¿ä¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº Áß±¹¿¡¼­ Á¤½ÄÀûÀÎ ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±âÃÊÀûÀÎ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ°í, ±âÃÊÀûÀÎ ÀÇ·á ÇýÅÃÀ̳ª ±³À°ÀÇ ±âȸµµ ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÑ´Ù.












And so even those fortunate enough to escape from their dire situations in North Korea and China are left with agonising worry and guilt about their left-behind children. Out of shame, many never talk about the intense pain they feel, instead suffering in lonely silence.
±×·¡¼­ ¿îÁÁ°Ôµµ ±×µéÀÇ ºñÂüÇÑ È¯°æ(ºÏÇÑ°ú Áß±¹)¿¡¼­ Å»ÃâÇÑ À̵é Á¶Â÷µµ, µÚ¿¡ ³²°ÜµÎ°í ¿Â ¾ÆÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ °ÆÁ¤¿¡ ¹ø¹ÎÇÏ°í, ÁËÃ¥°¨À» ´À³¢°Ô µÈ´Ù. ºÎ²ô·´±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸¹Àº ¿©¼ºµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ´À³¢´Â °Ý·ÄÇÑ ½ÉÀû °íÅë¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àý´ë À̾߱âÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´ë½Å¿¡ Ȧ·Î ħ¹¬¼Ó¿¡ °ßµð¾î³½´Ù.









What must be done
¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß Çϴ°¡.



A 2014 UN Commission of Inquiry report on the human rights situation in North Korea criticised the Chinese government for its violation of the human rights of North Korean refugees on a number of counts, including its repatriation of North Korean refugees, its failure to protect them from trafficking, and its refusal to recognise the children of North Korean women and Chinese men. However, the Chinese government rejected the commission¡¯s report and refused to change its stance.
2014³â, ºÏÇÑ À뱂 »óȲ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ, UN Á¶»ç À§¿øȸ º¸°í¼­´Â, ¿©·¯¹ø °ÅµìµÈ ºÏÇÑ ³­¹Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎ±Ç Ä§ÇØ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áß±¹Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ºñ³­ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Å»ºÏ ³­¹Î ¼Ûȯ¹®Á¦¿Í ºÏÇÑÁֹεéÀÇ ÀνŸŸŸ¦ ¹æÁ¶ÇÑÁ¡, ±×¸®°í ºÏÇÑ ¿©¼º°ú Áß±¹ÀÎ ³²¼º »çÀÌ¿¡ ³ºÀº ¾ÆÀ̸¦ Á¤½Ä ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤Çϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÑ Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ºñ³­ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Áß±¹Á¤ºÎ´Â À¯¿£ À§¿øȸÀÇ º¸°í¼­ ³»¿ëÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÏ¿´°í, ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ¼¼¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù±â¸¦ °ÅÀýÇß´Ù.











It is therefore time for the rest of the world to change the way it interacts with China. International organisations, governments and the media must apply even greater pressure on Beijing to change its policy towards North Korean refugees and the children they have in China; it must recognise that they¡¯re entitled to refugee status by virtue of the human rights abuses they endure at home.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌÁ¦´Â ¼¼°èÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµéÀÌ Áß±¹°ú ´ëÈ­ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¹Ù²ã¾ßÇÒ ¶§´Ù. ±¹Á¦ Á¶Á÷, Á¤ºÎ, ±×¸®°í ¹Ìµð¾îµéÀº Áß±¹³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºÏÇÑ Å»ºÏÀÚ¿Í ±× ¾ÆÀ̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ Á¤Ã¥À» ¹Ù²Ùµµ·Ï º£ÀÌ¡¿¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ´õ Å©°Ô ³ÖÀ» ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù; Áß±¹Á¤ºÎ´Â, Å»ºÏÀÚµéÀÌ °íÇâ¿¡¼­ À뱂 Çд븦 ´çÇؼ­ Å»ÃâÇÑ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ³­¹ÎÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ºÎ¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.









If governments are to act, their citizens and media must pressurise them to make this issue a higher priority. If a global campaign can gather enough momentum and strength, the Chinese government will be forced to listen and reconsider.
¸¸ÀÏ °¢±¹ Á¤ºÎµéÀÌ ÇൿÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é, ½Ã¹Îµé°ú ¹Ìµð¾îµéÀÌ ÀÌ À̽´¸¦ ´õ ³ôÀº ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¿¡ µÎ°Ô²û Çϱâ À§ÇØ, Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ³Ö¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ¿îµ¿ÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÈûÀ» ¸ðÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Áß±¹Á¤ºÎµµ ±Í´ã¾Æ µè°í, Àç°íÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.














It may be a significant obstacle, but it is a challenge we can all play our part in. By demanding action, we can all support the fight against the sustained human rights abuse of desperate North Korean defectors and their invisible children. We might not be able to see it, but we know it¡¯s happening – and we have a human duty to act.
ÀÌ°Ç Áß¿äÇÑ Àå¾Ö¹°ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ì¸®°¡ °¢ÀÚ ¸ÃÀº ºÎºÐÀ» ´ÙÇØ µµÀüÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. (Áß±¹Á¤ºÎ¿¡) ÇൿÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¿ì¸®´Â Àý¸ÁÀûÀÎ ºÏÇÑ Å»ºÏÀÚ¿Í ±×µéÀÇ º¸ÀÌÁö¾Ê´Â ¾ÆÀ̵鿡 ´ëÇØ Áö¼ÓµÇ¾î¿Â À뱂 Çдë (°í¸®)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅõÀïÀ» ÁöÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ´«À¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ¾øÀ»Áö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¾È´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ°Ç ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ Àΰ£À¸·Î¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Àǹ«À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù.